3.7 a. The pawn may move forward to the unoccupied square immediately in front of it on the same file, or
b. on its first move the pawn may move as in (a); alternatively it may advance two squares along the same file provided both squares are unoccupied, or
c. the pawn may move to a square occupied by an opponent`s piece, which is diagonally in front of it on an adjacent file, capturing that piece.
d. Ad. A pawn attacking a square crossed by an opponent`s pawn which has advanced two squares in one move from its original square may capture this opponent`s pawn as though the latter had been moved only one square. This capture is only legal on the move following this advance and is called an `en passant` capture.
e. When a pawn reaches the rank furthest from its starting position it must be exchanged as part of the same move for a new queen, rook, bishop or knight of the same colour. The player`s choice is not restricted to pieces that have been captured previously. This exchange of a pawn for another piece is called `promotion` and the effect of the new piece is immediate.
3.8 a. There are two different ways of moving the king, by:
i. moving to any adjoining square not attacked by one or more of the opponent`s pieces.
or
ii. `castling`. This is a move of the king and either rook of the same colour on the same rank, counting as a single move of the king and executed as follows: the king is transferred from its original square two squares towards the rook, then that rook is transferred to the square the king has just crossed.
(1) The right for castling has been lost:
a. if the king has already moved, or
b. with a rook that has already moved
(2) Castling is prevented temporarily
a. if the square on which the king stands, or the square which
it must cross, or the square which it is to occupy, is
attacked by one or more of the opponent`s pieces.
b. if there is any piece between the king and the rook with
which castling is to be effected.
3.9 The king is said to be `in check` if it is attacked by one or more of the opponent`s pieces, even if such pieces are constrained from moving to that square because they would then leave or place their own king in check. No piece can be moved that will either expose the king of the same colour to check or leave that king in check.
Article 4: The act of moving the pieces
4.1 Each move must be made with one hand only.
4.2 Provided that he first expresses his intention (e.g. by saying "j`adoube" or "I adjust"), the player having the move may adjust one or more pieces on their squares.
4.3 Except as provided in Article 4.2, if the player having the move deliberately touches on the chessboard
a. one or more of his own pieces, he must move the first piece touched that
can be moved, or
b. one or more of his opponent`s pieces, he must capture the first
piece touched, which can be captured, or
c. one piece of each colour, he must capture the opponent`s piece with
his piece or, if this is illegal, move or capture the first piece touched
which can be moved or captured. If it is unclear, whether the player`s
own piece or his opponent`s was touched first, the player`s own piece
shall be considered to have been touched before his opponent`s.
4.4 If a player deliberately touches his king and rook he must castle on that side if it is legal to do so.
a. If a player deliberately touches a rook and then his king he is not allowed
to castle on that side on that move and the situation shall be governed
by Article 4.3(a).
b. If a player, intending to castle, touches the king or king and rook at the
same time, but castling on that side is illegal, the player must make
another legal move with his king which may include castling on the other
side. If the king has no legal move, the player is free to make any legal
move.
c. If a player promotes a pawn, the choice of the piece is finalised, when
the piece has touched the square of promotion.
4.5 If none of the pieces touched can be moved or captured, the player may make any legal move.
4.6 When, as a legal move or part of a legal move, a piece has been released on a square, it cannot then be moved to another square. The move is considered to have been made when all the relevant requirements of Article 3 have been fulfilled.
a. in the case of a capture, when the captured piece has been removed
from the chessboard and the player, having placed his own piece on its
new square, has released this capturing piece from his hand;
b. in the case of castling, when the player`s hand has released the rook on
the square previously crossed by the king. When the player has released
the king from his hand, the move is not yet made, but the player no
longer has the right to make any move other than castling on that side,
if this is legal;
